The basics of insurance are simple - one company offers a guaranteed future payment for a contracted event. The company offering the guarantee charges a premium for insuring against the event's occurence - in doing so, the insurance company is protecting the client against certain circumstances, say physical capital loss due to a natural disaster. The insurance company assumes all financial responsibility associated with the client’s losses.
Where the business gets complicated is in the calculations of premiums. This involves the use of complex stochastic probabilty models meant to simulate the likelihood of a given event’s occurrence. Not all events are created equal, from an insurance perspective - for some types of insurance a company can accurately predict the probability of occurence (say, automobile insurance, which has such a large sample to study that companies can make accurate predictions and judgments about demographic groups). For events that are harder to predict (say, the future value a Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)) insurance companies take on greater risk when they issue policies.
TOP CONTRIBUTORS FOR INSURANCE
The basics of insurance are simple - one company offers a guaranteed future payment for a contracted event. The company offering the guarantee charges a premium for insuring against the event's occurence - in doing so, the insurance company is protecting the client against certain circumstances, say physical capital loss due to a natural disaster. The insurance company assumes all financial responsibility associated with the client’s losses.
Where the business gets complicated is in the calculations of premiums. This involves the use of complex stochastic probabilty models meant to simulate the likelihood of a given event’s occurrence. Not all events are created equal, from an insurance perspective - for some types of insurance a company can accurately predict the probability of occurence (say, automobile insurance, which has such a large sample to study that companies can make accurate predictions and judgments about demographic groups). For events that are harder to predict (say, the future value a Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)) insurance companies take on greater risk when they issue policies.
Where the business gets complicated is in the calculations of premiums. This involves the use of complex stochastic probabilty models meant to simulate the likelihood of a given event’s occurrence. Not all events are created equal, from an insurance perspective - for some types of insurance a company can accurately predict the probability of occurence (say, automobile insurance, which has such a large sample to study that companies can make accurate predictions and judgments about demographic groups). For events that are harder to predict (say, the future value a Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)) insurance companies take on greater risk when they issue policies.
HOW TO OBTAIN OTHER PARTY INFORMATION
You can obtain the other party's insurance particulars from the Land Transport Authority at 10 Sin Ming Road. The fee is S$5.15 (GST inclusive). The enquiry number is 1800-553 5229
How to obtain a copy of the other insurer's accident report? Only a person directly involved in the accident may buy a copy of the accident report lodged by the other parties. If the accident report is lodged with the insurance company, apply for a copy through the GIA Record Management Centre at 103 Amoy Street, Singapore 069874. The fee is $27/- per copy. The enquiry number is 6324 7447.
If the accident report is lodged with the Police, Insured can apply for the copy personally or through his attorney, to the Traffic Police Department at 10 Ubi Ave 3, Singapore 408865.
How to apply for the outcome of investigation by the Police? For outcome of Police investigation on cases taken up by the police, you can apply for this personally or through an attorney to the Traffic Police Department at 10 Ubi Ave. Singapore 408865.
How to obtain a copy of the other insurer's accident report? Only a person directly involved in the accident may buy a copy of the accident report lodged by the other parties. If the accident report is lodged with the insurance company, apply for a copy through the GIA Record Management Centre at 103 Amoy Street, Singapore 069874. The fee is $27/- per copy. The enquiry number is 6324 7447.
If the accident report is lodged with the Police, Insured can apply for the copy personally or through his attorney, to the Traffic Police Department at 10 Ubi Ave 3, Singapore 408865.
How to apply for the outcome of investigation by the Police? For outcome of Police investigation on cases taken up by the police, you can apply for this personally or through an attorney to the Traffic Police Department at 10 Ubi Ave. Singapore 408865.
insurance
To ensure prompt processing of your claim, it is important that you bring along your NRIC or other identification documents, driving license and the Original Certificate of Insurance when you report your traffic accident to us.
American Home Assurance Company
AIG Building 22 Martin Road,
Singapore 239058
IMPORTANT NOTICE
WHAT TO DO IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Do not panic
Check if anyone is injured
If there is personal injury, call 995 or 999 for ambulance and police assistance.
Do not remove the vehicles unless absolutely necessary to rescue or extricate injured parties.
If you have a camera, take photographs of accident scene and damaged vehicles / properties.
Drive your vehicle to the side or to a safe area if no one is injured.
Exchange information and particulars with the other parties involved:·
Vehicle registration number ·
Make/model/colour of Vehicle · Name/address/NRIC of the other driver· Contact number of the other driver· Insurance company of the other driver · Extent of damage to vehicles
Do not admit liability or argue over who is at fault.
If you need advice, towing service or other assistance, call our 24-Hour AIG Auto Assist at 6338-6200.
American Home Assurance Company
AIG Building 22 Martin Road,
Singapore 239058
IMPORTANT NOTICE
WHAT TO DO IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Do not panic
Check if anyone is injured
If there is personal injury, call 995 or 999 for ambulance and police assistance.
Do not remove the vehicles unless absolutely necessary to rescue or extricate injured parties.
If you have a camera, take photographs of accident scene and damaged vehicles / properties.
Drive your vehicle to the side or to a safe area if no one is injured.
Exchange information and particulars with the other parties involved:·
Vehicle registration number ·
Make/model/colour of Vehicle · Name/address/NRIC of the other driver· Contact number of the other driver· Insurance company of the other driver · Extent of damage to vehicles
Do not admit liability or argue over who is at fault.
If you need advice, towing service or other assistance, call our 24-Hour AIG Auto Assist at 6338-6200.
BAYBERRY BARN CHRISTMAS
The Bayberry Barn Christmas Shop is a family-owned and operated store in the heart of New Hampshire's Lake Sunapee region. Located in our 150-year-old renovated barn, we offer complete lines of all your holiday favorites, plus new gift items and our own line of gourmet specialty food items. We're open year-round, so come and experience Christmas in New England - all year long!
Department 56 Villages
BeanPod Soy Candles
Snow Babies
True Bayberry Candles
Christopher Radko
Old World Christmas
Annaleece by DeVries Jewelry
Boyd's
Stephan Baby
Byer's Choice
Gentle Spirits Wind Chimes
Heritage Lace
Faerie Glen Fairies
Sarah's Angels
Jim Shore Figurines
Yankee Candles
Camille Beckman
Fudge
Willow Tree Angels
Wind Garden Spinners by Premier Kites
Bayberry Barn Christmas Shop's Gourmet Vidalia Onion Dressings, Steak Sauces, Salsas, Mustards, Relishes and Barbeque Sauce
Copper & Magnetic Bracelets
Switchables Nightlights
and MORE!
Check out our What's New Page for the latest items at Bayberry Barn!
Department 56 Villages
BeanPod Soy Candles
Snow Babies
True Bayberry Candles
Christopher Radko
Old World Christmas
Annaleece by DeVries Jewelry
Boyd's
Stephan Baby
Byer's Choice
Gentle Spirits Wind Chimes
Heritage Lace
Faerie Glen Fairies
Sarah's Angels
Jim Shore Figurines
Yankee Candles
Camille Beckman
Fudge
Willow Tree Angels
Wind Garden Spinners by Premier Kites
Bayberry Barn Christmas Shop's Gourmet Vidalia Onion Dressings, Steak Sauces, Salsas, Mustards, Relishes and Barbeque Sauce
Copper & Magnetic Bracelets
Switchables Nightlights
and MORE!
Check out our What's New Page for the latest items at Bayberry Barn!
BASICS OF LIFE INSURANCE
Determining the best life insurance policy for you and your family’s protection can certainly be complicated by the various types available and terminology used in the insurance business. Whether your objective is to find a low cost policy or an insurance plan that involves investment opportunities, there is a plan that will meet your needs.
Request a life insurance quote!
Life Insurance Info provides an overview of the “basics” of life insurance. Learn more about:
What is life insurance?
What are the costs of life insurance?
How much is term life insurance?
How much is permanent life insurance?
What are the costs for smokers?
What are the costs if you have a pre-existing condition?
How to find affordable life insurance
The uses of life insurance
Life insurance policy overview
What is a life insurance settlement?
Selecting a life insurance agent
Purchasing life insurance online
Process for buying life insurance
How to designate beneficiaries
What is a life insurance broker?
Life insurance ratings
State life insurance guaranty associations
Frequently asked questions
This guide of various life insurance topics provides an organized resource of the main questions asked when people start the process of finding the best policy for their needs. Armed with information about the basics of life insurance, you get a well-educated start to finding the policy and coverage that work best for your personal situation.
Request a life insurance quote!
Life Insurance Info provides an overview of the “basics” of life insurance. Learn more about:
What is life insurance?
What are the costs of life insurance?
How much is term life insurance?
How much is permanent life insurance?
What are the costs for smokers?
What are the costs if you have a pre-existing condition?
How to find affordable life insurance
The uses of life insurance
Life insurance policy overview
What is a life insurance settlement?
Selecting a life insurance agent
Purchasing life insurance online
Process for buying life insurance
How to designate beneficiaries
What is a life insurance broker?
Life insurance ratings
State life insurance guaranty associations
Frequently asked questions
This guide of various life insurance topics provides an organized resource of the main questions asked when people start the process of finding the best policy for their needs. Armed with information about the basics of life insurance, you get a well-educated start to finding the policy and coverage that work best for your personal situation.
insurance and life
The abundance of information about life insurance can be overwhelming.you are likely wondering where to begin, which policy best fits your needs, and how much it will cost. If you think that life insurance isn’t for you, think again. The peace of mind that your family will be financially protected in the event of your death is well worth the cost.
Life Insurance Info is your best online resource to demystify the sometimes confusing aspects of life insurance. You will find straightforward and easy-to-understand details and discover how affordable life insurance can be for you. And you can get a free life insurance quote to see how much of an impact a policy will have on your wallet.The few insurances ilncluded are:
Term Life Insurance
Permanent Life Insurance
Whole Life Insurance
Universal Life Insurance
Variable Life Insurance
Variable Universal Life Insurance
Survivorship Life Insurance
Convertible Life Insurance
No Medical Exam Life Insurance
Child Life Insurance
Group Life Insurance
And more
Life Insurance Info removes the confusion about life insurance – cutting through the clutter to present the basics you need to make this important financial decision:
What is life insurance?
What are the costs?
Policy comparisons
FAQs
Advanced topics
With life insurance requests available online, you no longer have to call an insurance agent to make decisions about purchasing a policy. The comprehensive details on Life Insurance Info allow you to easily research your options by simplifying the complexities of life insurance. And with a free quote, you can easily determine the best price based on your needs.
Life Insurance Info is your best online resource to demystify the sometimes confusing aspects of life insurance. You will find straightforward and easy-to-understand details and discover how affordable life insurance can be for you. And you can get a free life insurance quote to see how much of an impact a policy will have on your wallet.The few insurances ilncluded are:
Term Life Insurance
Permanent Life Insurance
Whole Life Insurance
Universal Life Insurance
Variable Life Insurance
Variable Universal Life Insurance
Survivorship Life Insurance
Convertible Life Insurance
No Medical Exam Life Insurance
Child Life Insurance
Group Life Insurance
And more
Life Insurance Info removes the confusion about life insurance – cutting through the clutter to present the basics you need to make this important financial decision:
What is life insurance?
What are the costs?
Policy comparisons
FAQs
Advanced topics
With life insurance requests available online, you no longer have to call an insurance agent to make decisions about purchasing a policy. The comprehensive details on Life Insurance Info allow you to easily research your options by simplifying the complexities of life insurance. And with a free quote, you can easily determine the best price based on your needs.
Storage Area Network
A storage area network (SAN) is any high-performance network whose primary purpose is to enable storage devices to communicate with computer systems and with each other.
the most interesting things about this definition are:
It doesn't say that a SAN's only purpose is communication between computers and storage. Many organizations operate perfectly viable SANs that carry occasional administrative and other application traffic.
It doesn't say that a SAN uses Fibre Channel or Ethernet or any other specific interconnect technology. A growing number of network technologies have architectural and physical properties that make them suitable for use in SANs.
It doesn't say what kind of storage devices are interconnected. Disk and tape drives, RAID subsystems, robotic libraries, and file servers are all being used productively in SAN environments today. One of the exciting aspects of SAN technology is that it is encouraging the development of new kinds of storage devices that provide new benefits to users. Some of these will undoubtedly fail in the market, but those that succeed will make lasting improvements in the way digital information is stored and processed.
It doesn't say that a SAN uses Fibre Channel or Ethernet or any other specific interconnect technology. A growing number of network technologies have architectural and physical properties that make them suitable for use in SANs.
It doesn't say what kind of storage devices are interconnected. Disk and tape drives, RAID subsystems, robotic libraries, and file servers are all being used productively in SAN environments today. One of the exciting aspects of SAN technology is that it is encouraging the development of new kinds of storage devices that provide new benefits to users. Some of these will undoubtedly fail in the market, but those that succeed will make lasting improvements in the way digital information is stored and processed.
REASON THAT MAKES SAN DIFERENT:
Anyone in the information technology field knows very well that computers are already connected to storage devices.
Universal Storage Connectivity
Computers are indeed connected to storage today, but are all of an installation's computers connected to all of its storage? That's the key point about SANs—they connect lots of computers to lots of storage devices, enabling the computers to negotiate device ownership among themselves and, ideally, to share data. If there is one defining characteristic of a SAN, it's universal connectivity of storage devices and computers.
Computers are indeed connected to storage today, but are all of an installation's computers connected to all of its storage? That's the key point about SANs—they connect lots of computers to lots of storage devices, enabling the computers to negotiate device ownership among themselves and, ideally, to share data. If there is one defining characteristic of a SAN, it's universal connectivity of storage devices and computers.
From this business-as-usual picture of client/server computing, it's immediately apparent that by deploying multiple servers, an organization automatically creates unconnected islands of information. Each island is accessible by one computer but not the others. If Computer B needs to use data that was produced by Computer A, that data has to be copied to Computer B.
There are several techniques for moving data between computers: backup, file transfer; and interprocess communication, to name a few. But the real issue is that the information services organization has to acquire and manage the extra resources required both to copy data from Computer A to Computer B and to store it at both sites. There's no business reason for this duplication of effort, other than that a computer needs data that was produced by another computer.
There's a more serious implication of an information processing strategy that relies on regular copying of data from computer to computer. Computers that receive data copies are often forced to work with data that is out of date simply because it's physically impossible to make copies in a timely fashion. Moreover, the extra operational complexity introduced by having to copy data between servers creates additional opportunity for costly errors.
There are several techniques for moving data between computers: backup, file transfer; and interprocess communication, to name a few. But the real issue is that the information services organization has to acquire and manage the extra resources required both to copy data from Computer A to Computer B and to store it at both sites. There's no business reason for this duplication of effort, other than that a computer needs data that was produced by another computer.
There's a more serious implication of an information processing strategy that relies on regular copying of data from computer to computer. Computers that receive data copies are often forced to work with data that is out of date simply because it's physically impossible to make copies in a timely fashion. Moreover, the extra operational complexity introduced by having to copy data between servers creates additional opportunity for costly errors.
Storage Virtualization
Virtulization has been ruling the world of information technology since the years.Among this "Storage virtualization" has become the buzzword in the storage industry, especially with the increased acceptance of storage networks. But besides all the hype, there is considerable confusion, too.Many users have been disconcerted by the terminology, the different ways in which vendors present virtualization, and the various technical implementations of storage virtualization. In addition, the two alternative approaches to virtualization based on in-band and out-of-band technologies have resulted in much discussion about the pros and cons of the two technologies. Needless to say, in many cases thee discussions have generated more "heat than light" and have done little to clarify the issues for end users needing to address their day-to-day storage management challenges and concerns.Acting in its role as an educator, SNIA has undertaken to offer clearer definitions and terminology in general, and to convey them to both vendors and users. In order to provide a common frame of reference for discussions about storage terminology, SNIA has developed the Shared Storage Model (SSM), which allows us to place different storage technologies within a consistent framework and helps users to understand where a particular technology is implemented and how it relates to other storage technologies (to learn more about SSM, please visit the tutorial located here). Accordingly, we've chosen to use SSM as an overall framework for explaining virtualization in this booklet. The model offers a general structure for describing various architectures for accessing storage systems, and can be considered an architecture vocabulary. It shows differences between approaches without evaluating them per se. As a result, it lets vendors present their solutions--including any architectural differences--more clearly, and gives users a better understanding of what the vendors offer.
List of Companies in Nepal((Agriculture))
Agricultural Greenhouses Agricultural Growing Media
Agricultural Product Stock Agricultural Waste
Animal Extract Animal Feed
Animal Husbandry Equipment Aquaculture Equipment
Bamboo Products Bamboo Raw Materials
Beans Bonsai
Cigarettes Cigars
Dried Flowers Eggs
Farm Machinery Farm Machinery Parts
Fertilizer Flower Bulbs,Seeds & Seedlings
Forage Seeds Forestry Machinery
Fresh Cut Flowers Fresh Vegetables
Fruit Fruit Grafts, Seedlings & Rootstocks
Grain Honey
House Plants
Logs Mini Plants
Mushrooms & Truffles Nuts & Kernels
Oil Seeds Other Agriculture Products
Other Vegetables Outdoor Plants
Plant & Animal Oil Plant Fiber
Poultry & Livestock Rattan Products
Silos Tobacco
Vegetable Seeds
Agricultural Product Stock Agricultural Waste
Animal Extract Animal Feed
Animal Husbandry Equipment Aquaculture Equipment
Bamboo Products Bamboo Raw Materials
Beans Bonsai
Cigarettes Cigars
Dried Flowers Eggs
Farm Machinery Farm Machinery Parts
Fertilizer Flower Bulbs,Seeds & Seedlings
Forage Seeds Forestry Machinery
Fresh Cut Flowers Fresh Vegetables
Fruit Fruit Grafts, Seedlings & Rootstocks
Grain Honey
House Plants
Logs Mini Plants
Mushrooms & Truffles Nuts & Kernels
Oil Seeds Other Agriculture Products
Other Vegetables Outdoor Plants
Plant & Animal Oil Plant Fiber
Poultry & Livestock Rattan Products
Silos Tobacco
Vegetable Seeds
Nepal Organic Agriculture Ctr. (NOAC) Pvt. Ltd.
Noac pvt. Ltd. is producer of ayurvedic herbal products (soap & shampoo) from natural plant extracts. All procusts are vegetable based. It was engage in production of ayurvedic herbal production, import and export of essential equipment and goods from outside the countries or the within country from one place to another, provide skill oriented training service and conduct research & consultancy service in the organic agriculture field. This company envisages expanding its business and w ...
TEL.: 977-1-4462985 FAX.:977-1-4466423
Baneshwor height, POB: 8973 NPC: 818
Noac pvt. Ltd. is producer of ayurvedic herbal products (soap & shampoo) from natural plant extracts. All procusts are vegetable based. It was engage in production of ayurvedic herbal production, import and export of essential equipment and goods from outside the countries or the within country from one place to another, provide skill oriented training service and conduct research & consultancy service in the organic agriculture field. This company envisages expanding its business and w ...
TEL.: 977-1-4462985 FAX.:977-1-4466423
Baneshwor height, POB: 8973 NPC: 818
Infoplus Pvt. Ltd.
Dear sirs, we would like to bring to your knowledge that we are the largest Liaison and re presentation business house in Nepal. We are specializing in Telecom sector, Power Sector, Agriculture and Science and Technology sectors. thus we are in a very good position to provide you with the business oppurtunities in Nepalese market, we have excellent public relation as well as customers relations. Our major customers include Govt and semi-govt bodies , and other organizations. Thus we, seek your i ...
TEL.: 977 - 01 - 4434895 FAX.:977 - 01 - 4434937
Kamalpokhari-1, kathmandu Nepal Kathmandu Bagmati 44601 Nepal
Dear sirs, we would like to bring to your knowledge that we are the largest Liaison and re presentation business house in Nepal. We are specializing in Telecom sector, Power Sector, Agriculture and Science and Technology sectors. thus we are in a very good position to provide you with the business oppurtunities in Nepalese market, we have excellent public relation as well as customers relations. Our major customers include Govt and semi-govt bodies , and other organizations. Thus we, seek your i ...
TEL.: 977 - 01 - 4434895 FAX.:977 - 01 - 4434937
Kamalpokhari-1, kathmandu Nepal Kathmandu Bagmati 44601 Nepal
LSIT OF JOIN VENTURE COMPANIES
COMPANY NAME
GORKHA AYURVED COMPANY PVT.LTD
EVEREST MINERAL WATER PVT LTD.
COLAS NEPAL PVT.LTD
MODERN BRICK NEPAL PVT.LTD
VAICOL INDUSTRIES AND PRODUCTS
YETI COACH-BUILDERS AND SERVICING
INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING CO.P.LTD
HOTEL JUNGLE CAMP
MOTHER DAIRY NEPAL PVT.LTD
SKYLIGHT PVT.LTD
TIGER ISLAND RESORT
ATELIER MAYA PVT.LTD
PACHEZ CAROLINA RESTAURANT PVT.LTD
PER CRAFT INDUSTRY PVT.LTD
LA VILLA SHERPANI
TOURIST HOTEL
HOTEL INDUSTRY
FREE FIBRES GARMENTS
GOLDEN NEPAL PVT.LTD
HOTEL INDUSTRY
RESTAURENT INDUSTRY
GORKHA AYURVED COMPANY PVT.LTD
EVEREST MINERAL WATER PVT LTD.
COLAS NEPAL PVT.LTD
MODERN BRICK NEPAL PVT.LTD
VAICOL INDUSTRIES AND PRODUCTS
YETI COACH-BUILDERS AND SERVICING
INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING CO.P.LTD
HOTEL JUNGLE CAMP
MOTHER DAIRY NEPAL PVT.LTD
SKYLIGHT PVT.LTD
TIGER ISLAND RESORT
ATELIER MAYA PVT.LTD
PACHEZ CAROLINA RESTAURANT PVT.LTD
PER CRAFT INDUSTRY PVT.LTD
LA VILLA SHERPANI
TOURIST HOTEL
HOTEL INDUSTRY
FREE FIBRES GARMENTS
GOLDEN NEPAL PVT.LTD
HOTEL INDUSTRY
RESTAURENT INDUSTRY
INDUSTRIES IN NEPAL
The industrial sector in Nepal is very undeveloped. Early industrial ventures, spurred by domestic shortages in the 1930s and 1940s, fared badly due to inexperience. By 1960 there were 63 registered industries, unsupported by adequate institutional organization or infrastructure. With the influx of foreign aid targeted at both the industrial sector and the transport and communications infrastructure, a mix of modern industries and cottage industries slowly developed, numbering 3,557 institutions by 1997. They are small by international standards. Industrial activity, accounting for about 21 percent of GDP, employs only 3 percent of the population. Most of these industries are located around urban centers such as the Kathmandu Valley and in the Tarai region.Nepal suffers from a lack of both internal and external investment. This stems from low domestic savings, a small domestic market, a severe shortage of skilled labor, chronically corrupt and inefficient public administrations, high transport and operating costs, the inadequacy of power resources and, increasingly, political instability. There have been recent attempts to encourage investment and privatization through the Industrial Policy 1992 and Foreign Investment and One Window Policy 1992, and the creation of industrial centers with governmental land and buildings on lease for private ventures.
Profitable Trend Forex System
For years investors have had to build their knowledge of trading through educating themselves through trial and error. Some investors have made millions in foreign exchange trades while others have lost their life savings. Dealing in the trade market is simply a matter of one's willingness to take a financial risk in order to make a profit. What if the guesswork in trading could be done for the client? Would the client be willing to use a tool that could assist them in knowing when to buy and when to sell?
The Sniper Forex System is a tool that assists investors in Forex System Trading in the Forex Market. It is an indicator system that uses a color based system to show traders when is a more profitable time to buy and sell than others. This like any other area of trading is never 100% guaranteed, as life is not a guarantee itself. This is a simple tool that increases their trade ability and allows them to make more advisable decisions in the trade market. They want to enter a trade in the start of the trend and exit at the finish. It's basic and to the point. This is how the Sniper Forex System can help. Traders enter their trade, wait for all three lines to match in color and click to see results. No more fifty- fifty chances. When the lines match blue they buy, when the lines match red they sell. It's as simple as that.
Profitable Trend Forex System
The Sniper Forex System is a tool that assists investors in Forex System Trading in the Forex Market. It is an indicator system that uses a color based system to show traders when is a more profitable time to buy and sell than others. This like any other area of trading is never 100% guaranteed, as life is not a guarantee itself. This is a simple tool that increases their trade ability and allows them to make more advisable decisions in the trade market. They want to enter a trade in the start of the trend and exit at the finish. It's basic and to the point. This is how the Sniper Forex System can help. Traders enter their trade, wait for all three lines to match in color and click to see results. No more fifty- fifty chances. When the lines match blue they buy, when the lines match red they sell. It's as simple as that.
Forex Capital Markets LLC
Forex Capital Markets LLC (FXCM) is regulated as a Forex Dealer Member by the National Futures Association. Forex Dealer Members are U.S. registered Futures Commission Merchants that have greater than 35% of revenue from foreign exchange.
More than $600 million in customer funds trading on platforms offered by FXCM
FXCM Holdings LLC includes firms regulated across the world, including Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Dubai.
Additionally, FXCM offers its proprietary foreign exchange trading technology to banks and brokers.
As of June 2009, there is more than $600 million in customer funds trading on platforms offered by FXCM.
Over 150,000 live accounts on platforms offered by FXCM from nearly 200 countries with an average of 8,000,000 trades executed each month via trading platforms offered by FXCM; moreover, customer support is provided in over a dozen languages. Registered with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant, FXCM has received numerous awards from the investment community, including Best Currency Broker from Shares, Best Retail Foreign Exchange Platform from FX Week and Best Foreign Exchange Specialist from Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities. In addition to currency trading, FXCM offers educational courses on forex trading, and provides research through DailyFX.com.
More than $600 million in customer funds trading on platforms offered by FXCM
FXCM Holdings LLC includes firms regulated across the world, including Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Dubai.
Additionally, FXCM offers its proprietary foreign exchange trading technology to banks and brokers.
As of June 2009, there is more than $600 million in customer funds trading on platforms offered by FXCM.
Over 150,000 live accounts on platforms offered by FXCM from nearly 200 countries with an average of 8,000,000 trades executed each month via trading platforms offered by FXCM; moreover, customer support is provided in over a dozen languages. Registered with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant, FXCM has received numerous awards from the investment community, including Best Currency Broker from Shares, Best Retail Foreign Exchange Platform from FX Week and Best Foreign Exchange Specialist from Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities. In addition to currency trading, FXCM offers educational courses on forex trading, and provides research through DailyFX.com.
FOREX WARNING IN NEPAL BUSINESS
The exchange rate if seen as 0.00, n/a or blank entry means that Nepal Rastra Bank did not allow to trade the currency in the day. If there were any transactions while the exchange rate were not defined, this transaction should be considered as an illegal.
NRB works as the banker of the banks. So, the commecial and other banks may charger a bit higher than these rates. If their charge is too higher than these rates, they are taking a lot of commissions from you. Be careful.
Do not trade with persons in direct. Rather use a bank for your currency exchanges.
NRB works as the banker of the banks. So, the commecial and other banks may charger a bit higher than these rates. If their charge is too higher than these rates, they are taking a lot of commissions from you. Be careful.
Do not trade with persons in direct. Rather use a bank for your currency exchanges.
FOREX TRADIN RATES IN NEPAL
country Name Buying Selling
Australian dollar 68.36 68.91
Canadian dollar 70.04 70.60
Chinese renminbi (Yuan) 1 0.00 0.00
Currency 0.00 0.00
European euro 111.01 111.90
Japanese yen 8.22 8.28
Qatari riyal 20.56 20.73
Saudi Arabian riyal 19.96 20.12
Singapore dollar 53.57 54.00
Swiss franc 73.50 74.09
Thai baht 2.24 2.26
U.S. dollar 74.87 75.47
UK pound sterling 123.90 124.90
Australian dollar 68.36 68.91
Canadian dollar 70.04 70.60
Chinese renminbi (Yuan) 1 0.00 0.00
Currency 0.00 0.00
European euro 111.01 111.90
Japanese yen 8.22 8.28
Qatari riyal 20.56 20.73
Saudi Arabian riyal 19.96 20.12
Singapore dollar 53.57 54.00
Swiss franc 73.50 74.09
Thai baht 2.24 2.26
U.S. dollar 74.87 75.47
UK pound sterling 123.90 124.90
TWO WAY FORUM WORKING IN FOREX
Participants, including forex traders and others who have valuable information to contribute, submit reviews for consideration. Once approved, reviews are posted almost immediately. Vendors and professionals reply with comments in the aggregate to the reviews, addressing specific points or with general answers. The communication is limited to one reply per vendor or professional with a limitation on length. This encourages a fair, open forum, without back-and-forth bickering and unnecessary criticism. Sign-up now and join the Forex Justice Forum. Only with the help of real-life forex scenarios and two-way communication, can we turn forex trading into an ethical, trustworthy investment option.
UNEDITED FOREX REVIEWS
Many Forex review websites are thinly veiled as informative, unbiased forex opinion forums. In actuality, they’re doing little more than championing their own causes. These supposedly neutral pages give the broker, forex trader, and interested parties a skewed view of reality. Alternatively, Forex Justice is a revolutionary idea in forex trading. An open, two-way patented forex exchange system, reviews are considered from both the broker’s perspective and the trader’s. This unconventional method of publishing truthful forex stories to the investor and anyone else interested in forex has proven beneficial in reducing the number of forex scam websites and helped traders establish ethical business relationships. This valuable tool, Forex Justice, doesn’t allow peer bashing yet encourages honest communication. Content is always reviewed but never edited so you get straight facts from real experiences. Learn about the way forex trades are conducted and quickly size up the scam artists. The more reviews we receive, the clearer the picture will become.
FOREX JUSTICE
Foreign exchange currency trading is a risky business with much to lose and much to gain. As a professional forex broker and personal trader, I have realized the fast profits this market can reap, while witnessing the dog-eat-dog nature of the beast, in which buyers lose their shirts every minute. Whether you are a forex trader or just curious about forex currency trading, you owe it to yourself to separate the wheat from the chafe. The Internet is awash in foreign exchange currency trading websites whose sole existences are dependent upon ignorant forex investors. From get-rich-quick forex software schemes to free forex training, forex educational seminars, free forex signals, forex forums, and more, the fraudulence that surrounds the fx trading market is frightening. Forex trading is very different from the U.S. stock market. The major differences include:
Forex has no central exchange
Forex trading can be done around the clock
Forex has no overseeing regulatory commission, such as the SEC
The forex market is a wild, open arena without rules, laws, or a governing body. No one cares if your money is taken. No one will lose any sleep if you’ve been lied to. There are no repercussions if you’re treated unfairly. Investors trade at their own risk and have no legal recourse to enforce justice. I know. I’ve been there. The scammers have burned me more than once. In an attempt to further my own knowledge, I fell for the magical software sales pitches and followed the crooked paths to the stolen treasures, only to be let down ad nauseam.I served my time as a forex broker, which was an eye-opening experience. I heard and saw the manipulation of client profits that was business as usual. It quickly shifted my interest in trading and brokering forex to that of protecting forex traders. I redirected my efforts from studying daily forex signals to researching forex websites. I was determined to devise a resource on which forex investors could rely for honest, fair information exchange.
Forex has no central exchange
Forex trading can be done around the clock
Forex has no overseeing regulatory commission, such as the SEC
The forex market is a wild, open arena without rules, laws, or a governing body. No one cares if your money is taken. No one will lose any sleep if you’ve been lied to. There are no repercussions if you’re treated unfairly. Investors trade at their own risk and have no legal recourse to enforce justice. I know. I’ve been there. The scammers have burned me more than once. In an attempt to further my own knowledge, I fell for the magical software sales pitches and followed the crooked paths to the stolen treasures, only to be let down ad nauseam.I served my time as a forex broker, which was an eye-opening experience. I heard and saw the manipulation of client profits that was business as usual. It quickly shifted my interest in trading and brokering forex to that of protecting forex traders. I redirected my efforts from studying daily forex signals to researching forex websites. I was determined to devise a resource on which forex investors could rely for honest, fair information exchange.
FOREX FACTORY
The Forex Factory web site is a very popular site among developing Forex traders as shown by an Alexa rating of around 5,400 most visited sites on the web. Any site within the first 100,000 gets serious traffic!
Forex Factory provides 3 main services listed in my personal order of importance:
Calendar
News
Forum
Calendar
News
Forum
Calendar
The main attraction of the Forex Factory calendar of upcoming economic reports and fundamental announcements is that it is so visual and easy to read.A color coding system gives an indication at a glance as to how volatile the announcement is expected to be:
Yellow - Low Impact
Orange - Medium Impact
Red - High Impact
Another good feature of this calendar is the ability to customize the time to your own time zone. So instead of having to add or subtract a certain number of hours from GMT to arrive at the time of the economic report in your country, you can set the calendar according to your time zone and see the time accurately displayed.
This feature saves some confusion and prevents a newer trader from leaving a trade in around a volatile news report because of getting the time mixed up!
The main attraction of the Forex Factory calendar of upcoming economic reports and fundamental announcements is that it is so visual and easy to read.A color coding system gives an indication at a glance as to how volatile the announcement is expected to be:
Yellow - Low Impact
Orange - Medium Impact
Red - High Impact
Another good feature of this calendar is the ability to customize the time to your own time zone. So instead of having to add or subtract a certain number of hours from GMT to arrive at the time of the economic report in your country, you can set the calendar according to your time zone and see the time accurately displayed.
This feature saves some confusion and prevents a newer trader from leaving a trade in around a volatile news report because of getting the time mixed up!
News
A number of news reports are featured daily from authorities and advisors in the financial markets.Within a few minutes the trader can come up to speed on the latest economic factors that might impact the market.
A number of news reports are featured daily from authorities and advisors in the financial markets.Within a few minutes the trader can come up to speed on the latest economic factors that might impact the market.
Forums
The Forums at Forex Factory have a huge appeal as indicated by the thousands of users online each day.The forums are divided into various themes including:
General Discussion
Trading Systems
Broker Discussion
Forex Beginner Questions and Answers
The Forums at Forex Factory have a huge appeal as indicated by the thousands of users online each day.The forums are divided into various themes including:
General Discussion
Trading Systems
Broker Discussion
Forex Beginner Questions and Answers
A Forex Trader's View Of The Aussie/Gold Relationship
The relationships between different financial markets are almost as old as the markets themselves. For example, in many cases when benchmark equities rise, bonds fall. Many traders will watch for correlations like this and try to capitalize on the opportunity. The same types of relationships exist in the global foreign exchange market. Take for instance the closely related tie between the Australian dollar and gold. Due mostly to the fact that Australia remains a major producer of the yellow metal, the correlation is an opportunity that not only exists, but is one that traders on every level can capitalize on. Let's take a look at why this relationship exists, and how you can use it to produce solid gold returns.
FOREX STRATEGY SYSTEM
The Foreign exchange market is commonly known as the Forex market, it is the principal financial market in the world. Forex currency trading market is existing almost everywhere in the world where currencies are traded for one another. The Forex market is even larger than the Treasury and Equity markets all over the world. Forex market can best be described in terms of capital; this is to say that a place where the money of one country is traded for another is basically known as Forex. In the present scenario, the most popular and significant currency exchange pairs in the Forex market are the “Euro Dollars”.
However the most complex problems until today is that, there is no single central exchange place or the facility in the Forex market where everybody can exchange the currency they wish to. All the currency trade is either done on online or over the telephone in the Forex currency trading market. Forex currency trading is done online via huge networks, which are in connection with all the principal participants of the Forex strategy system such as the banks, the government, big financial institutions, currency traders and Forex brokers.
With the revolution that has been brought about in the form of electronic economy, online Forex currency trading has started offering plenty of services to all the currency traders and brokers all over the world. Today, Forex strategy system is such that anybody having access to the Internet can easily enter into the Forex currency trading business. However, this does not mean to say that anyone without having the basic knowledge of Forex strategy system can blindly jump into the Forex game. In order to become a Forex trader, one should have a good amount of knowledge and all the necessary bits of information about the existing Forex strategy system, Forex trading signal, Forex alerts, Forex signal, Forex trading strategy, and the overall Forex currency trading.
At present, Forex currency trading has become the most popular arena for all the speculators and traders worldwide. Earlier Forex strategy system was not open to everybody and it used to be the domain of the banks and the high risk investors only but now, the boom in Forex strategy system has facilitated the easy entry of outsiders and beginners. If you aspire to be one of the successful Forex traders, it is most essential to have prior knowledge about the Forex trading signal, Forex alerts, Forex signal and the Forex trading strategy. In order to be a Forex trader and an active participant in the Forex trading strategy, it is best advised to seek help from a professional Forex trader or an experienced Forex expert. But, if you really want to earn a living out of Forex currency trading, then the best thing you could possibly think of would be undertaking a Forex training course. Such courses are readily available and genuinely helpful in training students in Forex trading strategy, Forex currency trading, Forex trading signal, Forex strategy system, Forex signal and Forex alerts.
MAKING OF GREAT FOREX TRADERS BY GOOD POKING
Investing and Gambling Similar
Many have compared investing to gambling and in many ways they may be correct. Playing poker and investing have many similarities. Some kinds of day trading involve considerable risk and the forex market is extremely risky and volatile much like a game of poker. Poker is probably the most popular game of skill and it comes as no surprise to find that many poker players also trade on forex exchanges. Poker tournaments are routinely broadcast on ESPN and many poker players have become household names in the US.
Discipline and Adaptability
Poker playing and forex trading require very similar skill sets. For example poker players must be very disciplined with nerves of steel. This characteristic is also the hallmark of a successful forex trader. Poker players and forex traders are methodical and not given to emotional responses to adverse situations. Poker players and forex traders are amenable to change and the forex market is constantly changing much like the cards in a game of Texas Hold ‘Em. Both must have the ability to adapt to sudden changes and the sudden rate changes of the Fed can have the same effect as a newly dealt card.
Logic and Reason
Poker players and successful forex traders have the ability to make quick decisions based on logic and reason. Typically emotion does not play a part in the decision making process. Both must be able to withstand losses without emotional reaction. Just as poker players do not win every hand forex traders may experience sudden losses due to rapidly changing market conditions. Forex traders and poker players are resilient and have the ability to bounce back after sudden losses.
Long Term Results
Forex traders and poker players focus on long term results. Just as chips accumulate so do pips. Poker players and forex traders are usually confident people. Forex trading can easily be as volatile and ever changing as a game of poker and both require a high degree of confidence. Given these similar characteristics it would not be surprising to learn that many top poker players also trade forex!
Many have compared investing to gambling and in many ways they may be correct. Playing poker and investing have many similarities. Some kinds of day trading involve considerable risk and the forex market is extremely risky and volatile much like a game of poker. Poker is probably the most popular game of skill and it comes as no surprise to find that many poker players also trade on forex exchanges. Poker tournaments are routinely broadcast on ESPN and many poker players have become household names in the US.
Discipline and Adaptability
Poker playing and forex trading require very similar skill sets. For example poker players must be very disciplined with nerves of steel. This characteristic is also the hallmark of a successful forex trader. Poker players and forex traders are methodical and not given to emotional responses to adverse situations. Poker players and forex traders are amenable to change and the forex market is constantly changing much like the cards in a game of Texas Hold ‘Em. Both must have the ability to adapt to sudden changes and the sudden rate changes of the Fed can have the same effect as a newly dealt card.
Logic and Reason
Poker players and successful forex traders have the ability to make quick decisions based on logic and reason. Typically emotion does not play a part in the decision making process. Both must be able to withstand losses without emotional reaction. Just as poker players do not win every hand forex traders may experience sudden losses due to rapidly changing market conditions. Forex traders and poker players are resilient and have the ability to bounce back after sudden losses.
Long Term Results
Forex traders and poker players focus on long term results. Just as chips accumulate so do pips. Poker players and forex traders are usually confident people. Forex trading can easily be as volatile and ever changing as a game of poker and both require a high degree of confidence. Given these similar characteristics it would not be surprising to learn that many top poker players also trade forex!
FOREX TRADING BY OANDA
Forex Trading
FXTrade offers transparent and efficient online currency trading to professional and retail traders. Discover FXTrade and how it can change forex trading.
FXTrade offers transparent and efficient online currency trading to professional and retail traders. Discover FXTrade and how it can change forex trading.
Forex Info: Find free forex information, commentary, news, analysis, and graphical tools to understand the forex market at FXTradeInfoCenter.
Over 528,921,384 FXTrade transactions executed so far!
Over 528,921,384 FXTrade transactions executed so far!
See what we're working on now. Go to FXLabs for a sneak preview
of OANDA's latest trading tools, currency services and other innovations.
of OANDA's latest trading tools, currency services and other innovations.
Business Services
Leading accounting firms, corporations, tax authorities and financial institutions use OANDA as the benchmark for foreign exchange data. Add OANDA Rates and customized currency tools to your own office or corporate website.
Leading accounting firms, corporations, tax authorities and financial institutions use OANDA as the benchmark for foreign exchange data. Add OANDA Rates and customized currency tools to your own office or corporate website.
forex in foreign currency
Foreign Currency Transfers
FXGlobalTransfer is a convenient and secure way to exchange and transfer funds to bank accounts around the world with the same low rates you get with all OANDA products.
Foreign Exchange Management
OANDA FXConsulting offers professional consulting services to help your company create cost and revenue certainty by managing its exposure to foreign currencies.
The Economist Big Mac Price Index
the economist in USD
UK £ 1.99 4.061
Japan ¥ 280.00 2.516
Switzerland SFr 6.30 5.564
Euro Area € 2.94 4.316
Japan ¥ 280.00 2.516
Switzerland SFr 6.30 5.564
Euro Area € 2.94 4.316
MARKET SIGNALS IN FOREX TRADING
Market Signals are used by traders to estimate where price will move. By analyzing past “trends”, or the general direction of movement for prices, our Autochartist software will supply you with Market Signals.
Identify quality trading opportunities and emerging trends in real-time
Software uses years of data to identify present trends
Powerful and yet easy use
Full version available absolutely free for Forex Club customers with deposits of $500 or more
Free Demo version of software is limited to 15 signals per day and comes with our free demo account
Identify quality trading opportunities and emerging trends in real-time
Software uses years of data to identify present trends
Powerful and yet easy use
Full version available absolutely free for Forex Club customers with deposits of $500 or more
Free Demo version of software is limited to 15 signals per day and comes with our free demo account
Our technical chart patterns are based on the theory of market psychology, which has been researched, developed and trusted since the 1930's. The software strictly adheres to this theory when identifying patterns and notifies you as patterns are forming. Below is an example of how the software works.
As you can see, it identifies a pattern and tells you how strong it is.
Want to learn even more about Autochartist? Check out their online tutorials!
Tutorial 1: How to trade chart patterns using Autochartis
Tutorial 2: Scanning the markets for set ups while using Autochartist
Tutorial 3: Designing your own scans, or customizing settings on the Autochartist platform
Tutorial 4: Interpreting chart patterns and how to optimize this information to make better trading decisions
Tutorial 5: Continuation versus reversal patterns identified by the Autochartist platform
Tutorial 6: Trends and market stages: Identifying the best pattern with which to trade
HOW TO TRADE FOREX
Trading foreign exchange is exciting and potentially very profitable, but there are also significant risk factors. It is crucially important that you fully understand the implications of margin trading and the particular pitfalls and opportunities that foreign exchange trading offers. On these pages, we offer you a brief introduction to the Forex markets as well as their participants and some strategies that you can apply. However, if you are ever in doubt about any aspect of a trade, you can always discuss the matter in-depth with one of our dealers. They are available 24 hours a day on the Saxo Bank online trading system, SaxoTrader.
The benchmark of its service is efficient execution, concise analysis and expertise – all achieved whilst maintaining an attractive and competitive cost structure. Today, Saxo Bank offers one of Europe's premier all-round services for trading in derivative products and foreign exchange. We count amongst our employees numerous dealers and analysts, each of whom has many years experience and a wide and varied knowledge of the markets – gained both in our home countries and in international financial centres. When trading foreign exchange, futures and other derivative products, we offer 24-hour service, extensive daily analysis, individual access to our Research & Analysis department for specific queries, and immediate execution of trades through our international network of banks and brokers. All at a price considerably lower than that which most companies and private investors normally have access to.
The benchmark of its service is efficient execution, concise analysis and expertise – all achieved whilst maintaining an attractive and competitive cost structure. Today, Saxo Bank offers one of Europe's premier all-round services for trading in derivative products and foreign exchange. We count amongst our employees numerous dealers and analysts, each of whom has many years experience and a wide and varied knowledge of the markets – gained both in our home countries and in international financial centres. When trading foreign exchange, futures and other derivative products, we offer 24-hour service, extensive daily analysis, individual access to our Research & Analysis department for specific queries, and immediate execution of trades through our international network of banks and brokers. All at a price considerably lower than that which most companies and private investors normally have access to.
Free Forex Seminars
This is the articles related on the Education about the forex.
DailyFX Course Free Forex Seminars
FREE interactive online forex seminar.
Convenient times in Asian, European, and US trading hours.
Real-time Q&A with knowledgeable trading professionals.
Monday
Getting Started in Forex
An introductory seminar that teaches you common methods for beginners to start trading forex, presented in real time. Personal consultations are available upon request.
Current market themes. Educational opportunities. Transitioning from demo to live trading.
DailyFX Course Free Forex Seminars
FREE interactive online forex seminar.
Convenient times in Asian, European, and US trading hours.
Real-time Q&A with knowledgeable trading professionals.
Monday
Getting Started in Forex
An introductory seminar that teaches you common methods for beginners to start trading forex, presented in real time. Personal consultations are available upon request.
Current market themes. Educational opportunities. Transitioning from demo to live trading.
Tuesday
Range Trading From Charts
See how you can use powerful Marketscope charts to place trades in this introduction to range-trading strategy.
Learn how to range trade: pick tops and bottoms. Use entry orders to range trade strategically. Discuss today's range-trading opportunities.
Range Trading From Charts
See how you can use powerful Marketscope charts to place trades in this introduction to range-trading strategy.
Learn how to range trade: pick tops and bottoms. Use entry orders to range trade strategically. Discuss today's range-trading opportunities.
DailyFX+ Live
Experience the power of DailyFX+ in a live video walkthrough!
Discuss current market movements. Discuss the day's price action. Identify signals for immediate trading. How to use DailyFX+ to find trades.
Experience the power of DailyFX+ in a live video walkthrough!
Discuss current market movements. Discuss the day's price action. Identify signals for immediate trading. How to use DailyFX+ to find trades.
Wednesday
Follow five simple steps to help you build your portfolio with the Forex System Selector.
Learn how to pick a system. Pick systems that match your needs and risk appetite. Mix and match from over 40 different systems to create your optimum portfolio. Set parameters for each system to automatically manage your portfolio.
Follow five simple steps to help you build your portfolio with the Forex System Selector.
Learn how to pick a system. Pick systems that match your needs and risk appetite. Mix and match from over 40 different systems to create your optimum portfolio. Set parameters for each system to automatically manage your portfolio.
Thursday
Euro Trading Tips
Learn to identify trends and trading opportunities with the euro. See and discuss important chart patterns and current events with a euro trader.
Learn the best time to trade the euro. Learn how to anticipate movements and confirm trends in the euro. Discuss what’s happening in the euro today with a Power Course instructor.
DailyFX+ Live
Experience the power of DailyFX+ in a live video walkthrough!
Discuss current market movements. Discuss the day's price action. Identify signals for immediate trading. How to use DailyFX+ to find trades.
Euro Trading Tips
Learn to identify trends and trading opportunities with the euro. See and discuss important chart patterns and current events with a euro trader.
Learn the best time to trade the euro. Learn how to anticipate movements and confirm trends in the euro. Discuss what’s happening in the euro today with a Power Course instructor.
DailyFX+ Live
Experience the power of DailyFX+ in a live video walkthrough!
Discuss current market movements. Discuss the day's price action. Identify signals for immediate trading. How to use DailyFX+ to find trades.
Friday
Euro Trading Tips
Learn to identify trends and trading opportunities with the euro. See and discuss important chart patterns and current events with a euro trader.
Learn the best time to trade the euro. Learn how to anticipate movements and confirm trends in the euro. Discuss what’s happening in the euro today with a Power Course instructor.
Euro Trading Tips
Learn to identify trends and trading opportunities with the euro. See and discuss important chart patterns and current events with a euro trader.
Learn the best time to trade the euro. Learn how to anticipate movements and confirm trends in the euro. Discuss what’s happening in the euro today with a Power Course instructor.
US Dollar May Finally See Break from Summer Ranges as Liquidity Returns
Friday, 04 September 2009 16:57:42
GMTBy Terri Belkas, Currency Strategist
The US dollar, British pound, and commodity dollars face potential for major moves and significant breakouts from summer ranges next week due to the combination of the post-holiday return of liquidity, rate decisions from the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Bank of England, and Bank of Canada, along with Australian employment and US consumer confidence reports.
The US dollar, British pound, and commodity dollars face potential for major moves and significant breakouts from summer ranges next week due to the combination of the post-holiday return of liquidity, rate decisions from the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Bank of England, and Bank of Canada, along with Australian employment and US consumer confidence reports.
FOREX MOBILE TRADER
IT HAS ASSIST IN THE FIELD OF THE FOREX THROUGH THE MOBILE AND THESE ARE FEW TIPS:
.Instant Trading in Seconds
.$25 - $50,000 Trading Accounts
.No Download Required
.Credit Card Deposits
.Over 40 Currency Pairs to Trade
.3 Pips EUR/USD
.User-Friendly, One-Click Trading
FOREX WEB TRADER
THESE ARE THE TERMS THAT MAKES THE FOREX MORE FAMOUS INI THE WEB.
Instant Trading in Seconds
$25 - $50,000 Trading Accounts
No Download Required
Credit Card Deposits
Over 40 Currency Pairs to Trade
3 Pips EUR/USD
User-Friendly, One-Click Trading
Instant Trading in Seconds
$25 - $50,000 Trading Accounts
No Download Required
Credit Card Deposits
Over 40 Currency Pairs to Trade
3 Pips EUR/USD
User-Friendly, One-Click Trading
FOREX-YAHOO WEB HOSTING
THE LIST OF THE FOREX YAHOO WEB HOSTING ARE AS FOLLOWS:
THEY ARE:
1.Emerging Market Forex Strategy: The Peruvian New Sol GFT Forex
2.Foreign Currency Trading Services & Online Forex Trading
3.FOREX.com > Free 30-day Forex Practice Account
4.Quote.com - Stock Quotes, Charts and News - Quote
5.FOREX PERU
6.Forex Directory - Add URL
7.DealBook 360 : Forex Trading Software
8.Latin American Currencies in Forex Trading GFT Forex
9.Trafico on Line Peru Travel and Tourism Currency exchange
THESE ARE THE FAMOUS WEB PAGE HOSTING AND ANY ONE CAN BE ITS MEMBER TO GET MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE FOREX AND ITS BUSINESS AND ACTIVITIES.
THEY ARE:
1.Emerging Market Forex Strategy: The Peruvian New Sol GFT Forex
2.Foreign Currency Trading Services & Online Forex Trading
3.FOREX.com > Free 30-day Forex Practice Account
4.Quote.com - Stock Quotes, Charts and News - Quote
5.FOREX PERU
6.Forex Directory - Add URL
7.DealBook 360 : Forex Trading Software
8.Latin American Currencies in Forex Trading GFT Forex
9.Trafico on Line Peru Travel and Tourism Currency exchange
THESE ARE THE FAMOUS WEB PAGE HOSTING AND ANY ONE CAN BE ITS MEMBER TO GET MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE FOREX AND ITS BUSINESS AND ACTIVITIES.
YAHOO DOMAIN FOREX CLIENTS
HOW CAN ONE GET FOREX CLIENTS?
Trade on the forex market and the returns would be variable between 1% and 50% per month ROI.We can envisio a large investment company for the small investor that will also provide financial education and retirement plans. But it cannot scare people away when they hear forex or see the high return amounts and think scam.
Hi there, If ANYONE want serious forex traders then you should try in good forex forums and communities like FXStreet, Moneytec or Forex Social. You will surely find people there. Forex is not a frighting term but its a very lucrative opportunity. The great thing about it is the fact that you are trading currencies and that there aren't as many rules and regulations that will stop you from making a lot of money.Many of the The forex trader trading many years with finexo.com,may feel the major mistake newbies does is they start margin trading without knowing all strategies and concepts. So stay away from margin trading until you know and understand what you are doing. Although, trading forex is a great way to make a lot of money, it's also easy to lose a lot. So, be sure you educate yourself and practice.
Yes,surely you will frighten most people and they will consider what you are saying a scam.Those who are deeeply familiar with the FX market and for them this is no place to gather clients. Most people in this place are part of a helpful community dealing with questions and answers of life decisions. Build a web site and do your research on how to gather attention to what you are doing. Run local ads or talk to your friends. If you are successful at what you are doing others will come along through the performance you've proven with the people you've already serviced.
Margin Trading
Foreign exchange is normally traded on margin. A relatively small deposit can control much larger positions in the market. For trading the main currencies, Saxo Bank requires a 1% margin deposit. This means that in order to trade one million dollars, you need to place just USD 10,000 by way of security.
In other words, you will have obtained a gearing of up to 100 times. This means that a change of, say 2%, in the underlying value of your trade will result in a 200% profit or loss on your deposit. See below for specific examples. As you can see, this calls for a very disciplined approach to trading as both profit opportunities and potential risks are very large indeed. Please refer to our page for current Spreads, Margins and Conditions.
Base Currency and Variable Currency
When you trade, you will always trade a combination of two currencies. For example, you will buy US dollars and sell euro. Or buy euro and sell Japanese yen, or any other combination of dozens of widely traded currencies. But there is always a long (bought) and a short (sold) side to a trade, which means that you are speculating on the prospect of one of the currencies strengthening in relation to the other.
The trade currency is normally, but not always, the currency with the highest value. When trading US dollars against Singapore dollars, the normal way to trade is buying or selling a fixed amount of US dollars, i.e. USD 1,000,000. When closing the position, the opposite trade is done, again USD 1,000,000. The profit or loss will be apparent in the change of the amount of SGD credited and debited for the two transactions. In other words, your profit or loss will be denominated in SGD, which is known as the price currency. As part of our service, Saxo Bank will automatically exchange your profits and losses into your base currency if you require this.
Dealing Spread, but No Commissions
When trading foreign exchange, you are quoted a dealing spread offering you a buying and a selling level for your trade. Once you accept the offered price and receive confirmation from our dealers, the trade is done. There is no need to call an exchange floor. There are no other time-consuming delays. This is possible due to live streaming prices, which are also a great advantage in times of fast-moving markets: You can see where the market is trading and you know whether your orders are filled or not.
The dealing spread is typically 3-5 points in normal market conditions. This means that you can sell US dollars against the euro at 1.7780 and buy at 1.7785. There are no further costs, commissions or exchange fees.
This ensures that you can get in and out of your trades at very low slippage and many traders are therefore active intra-day traders, given that a typical day in USDEUR presents price swings of 150-200 points.
Foreign exchange is normally traded on margin. A relatively small deposit can control much larger positions in the market. For trading the main currencies, Saxo Bank requires a 1% margin deposit. This means that in order to trade one million dollars, you need to place just USD 10,000 by way of security.
In other words, you will have obtained a gearing of up to 100 times. This means that a change of, say 2%, in the underlying value of your trade will result in a 200% profit or loss on your deposit. See below for specific examples. As you can see, this calls for a very disciplined approach to trading as both profit opportunities and potential risks are very large indeed. Please refer to our page for current Spreads, Margins and Conditions.
Base Currency and Variable Currency
When you trade, you will always trade a combination of two currencies. For example, you will buy US dollars and sell euro. Or buy euro and sell Japanese yen, or any other combination of dozens of widely traded currencies. But there is always a long (bought) and a short (sold) side to a trade, which means that you are speculating on the prospect of one of the currencies strengthening in relation to the other.
The trade currency is normally, but not always, the currency with the highest value. When trading US dollars against Singapore dollars, the normal way to trade is buying or selling a fixed amount of US dollars, i.e. USD 1,000,000. When closing the position, the opposite trade is done, again USD 1,000,000. The profit or loss will be apparent in the change of the amount of SGD credited and debited for the two transactions. In other words, your profit or loss will be denominated in SGD, which is known as the price currency. As part of our service, Saxo Bank will automatically exchange your profits and losses into your base currency if you require this.
Dealing Spread, but No Commissions
When trading foreign exchange, you are quoted a dealing spread offering you a buying and a selling level for your trade. Once you accept the offered price and receive confirmation from our dealers, the trade is done. There is no need to call an exchange floor. There are no other time-consuming delays. This is possible due to live streaming prices, which are also a great advantage in times of fast-moving markets: You can see where the market is trading and you know whether your orders are filled or not.
The dealing spread is typically 3-5 points in normal market conditions. This means that you can sell US dollars against the euro at 1.7780 and buy at 1.7785. There are no further costs, commissions or exchange fees.
This ensures that you can get in and out of your trades at very low slippage and many traders are therefore active intra-day traders, given that a typical day in USDEUR presents price swings of 150-200 points.
FOREX TRADING BASICS
The global foreign exchange market is the biggest market in the world. The 3.2 trillion USD daily turnover dwarfs the combined turnover of all the world's stock and bond markets.
There are many reasons for the popularity of foreign exchange trading, but among the most important are the leverage available, the high liquidity 24 hours a day and the very low dealing costs associated with trading.
Of course many commercial organisations participate purely due to the currency exposures created by their import and export activities, but the main part of the turnover is accounted for by financial institutions. Investing in foreign exchange remains predominantly the domain of the big professional players in the market - funds, banks and brokers. Nevertheless, any investor with the necessary knowledge of the market's functions can benefit from the advantages stated above.
In the following article, we would like to introduce you to some of the basic concepts of foreign exchange trading. If you would like any further information,where you will be able to exchange views with other Forex traders and get answers to any questions you might have.
There are many reasons for the popularity of foreign exchange trading, but among the most important are the leverage available, the high liquidity 24 hours a day and the very low dealing costs associated with trading.
Of course many commercial organisations participate purely due to the currency exposures created by their import and export activities, but the main part of the turnover is accounted for by financial institutions. Investing in foreign exchange remains predominantly the domain of the big professional players in the market - funds, banks and brokers. Nevertheless, any investor with the necessary knowledge of the market's functions can benefit from the advantages stated above.
In the following article, we would like to introduce you to some of the basic concepts of foreign exchange trading. If you would like any further information,where you will be able to exchange views with other Forex traders and get answers to any questions you might have.
MARKET COMMENT
HERE is the some of the market and this can help ot strengthen the forex mfarket.The strong performance by the German ZEW confidence indicators led the way to a slight shift in risk appetite yesterday, with a strong day for European equities providing the impetus for Wall St to register gains in the 1% region. A softer reading for US housing starts and building permits was a mild dampener and it may be significant that the S&P failed to regain the 1,000 handle again. The greenback was pulled this way and that – weaker initially after the ZEW data but rebounding back to mid-range by the close following the housing data. One more cloud was the weekly ABC consumer confidence numbers which were below expectations but above last week’s readings. It is still unclear whether they confirm or rebut last week’s Michigan sentiment data.The UK CPI data was a disaster for the MPC, rising 0.3% m/m on the core reading and remaining stubbornly high despite the deep recession the UK is experiencing. However, as John points out, the details show gains in computer games, DVDs, alcohol and tobacco as the main culprits – more a sign of a “stay-at-home” consumer rather than one that is actively out spending. Nevertheless, today’s BOE minutes will be scrutinized to see if inflation talk was on the agenda and, if so, what measures/implications were mentioned. It may be worthy to note that incoming MPC member Posen said yesterday that any tightening of monetary policy in the near-term would be a mistake – “I hope nobody (BOE included?) tightens credit any time in the near future. That would be premature”.The CHF grabbed some headlines overnight after SNB’s Jordan said that the central bank would not tolerate a rising CHF, but were content with the EURCHF at current levels (it’s been 1.50-1.54 for the past five months). In addition, he added that the Swiss recovery would likely lag behind its neighbours, adding that it was not yet time to step back from its unconventional measures.
Asia started this morning’s session with a better attitude to risk, hoping to extend the sentiment from Wall St. Indeed the Australian bourse was lifted by news that China had agreed an A$50 bln LNG contract with Australia last night, the largest single trade deal in Australia’s history. Australian trade officials were quick to assert that this was testament to strong trade relations between the two countries, despite the recent Rio Tinto headlines. However, by lunch the gains had been pared back and most bourses were back to flat or marginally in the red. EURUSD again looked a tad top-heavy above 1.4150 but managed to trigger stops above 1.4160 en-route to 1.4170, apparently disregarding a Telegraph article suggesting Germany is bracing itself for a second wave of credit crunch, and that the Economics Ministry and Bundesbank were drawing up plans for special measures in the event of such an occurrence. Nevertheless, the reversal in equities called a halt to the risk rally and most major pairings stalled below key resistance levels, notably the EUR still below 1.42 despite the stellar data yesterday.On the turn, GBP saw early aggressive selling which some linked to Asia focusing on reports in the Guardian and Telegraph that UK Opposition leader David Cameron had warned of the risks of a UK default on its debt. This story had been out late in the NY session and so others suggested the selling was more a case of a top fund booking profits and short-term speculators joining in.So, we head into Europe pretty much in limbo. With a relatively barren data slate on tap we will undoubtedly remains stock-watchers, though the particular bourse to monitor remains unclear. As mentioned above, the Bank of England minutes will probably attract the most attention closely followed by the CBI trends survey. German PPI and Euro-zone c/a balances and construction output also feature. North American data is limited to Canadian CPI and leading indicators and the weekly US MBA mortgage applications.
Asia started this morning’s session with a better attitude to risk, hoping to extend the sentiment from Wall St. Indeed the Australian bourse was lifted by news that China had agreed an A$50 bln LNG contract with Australia last night, the largest single trade deal in Australia’s history. Australian trade officials were quick to assert that this was testament to strong trade relations between the two countries, despite the recent Rio Tinto headlines. However, by lunch the gains had been pared back and most bourses were back to flat or marginally in the red. EURUSD again looked a tad top-heavy above 1.4150 but managed to trigger stops above 1.4160 en-route to 1.4170, apparently disregarding a Telegraph article suggesting Germany is bracing itself for a second wave of credit crunch, and that the Economics Ministry and Bundesbank were drawing up plans for special measures in the event of such an occurrence. Nevertheless, the reversal in equities called a halt to the risk rally and most major pairings stalled below key resistance levels, notably the EUR still below 1.42 despite the stellar data yesterday.On the turn, GBP saw early aggressive selling which some linked to Asia focusing on reports in the Guardian and Telegraph that UK Opposition leader David Cameron had warned of the risks of a UK default on its debt. This story had been out late in the NY session and so others suggested the selling was more a case of a top fund booking profits and short-term speculators joining in.So, we head into Europe pretty much in limbo. With a relatively barren data slate on tap we will undoubtedly remains stock-watchers, though the particular bourse to monitor remains unclear. As mentioned above, the Bank of England minutes will probably attract the most attention closely followed by the CBI trends survey. German PPI and Euro-zone c/a balances and construction output also feature. North American data is limited to Canadian CPI and leading indicators and the weekly US MBA mortgage applications.
CENTRAL BANKS
Talking about the banks,they also play the vital role in the forex trading .National central banks play an important role in the foreign exchange markets. They try to control the money supply, inflation, and interest rates and often have official or unofficial target rates for their currencies.This is the act that make the forex trading more strong. They can use their often substantial foreign exchange reserves to stabilize the market.Nevertheless, the effectiveness of central bank "stabilizing speculation" is doubtful because central banks do not go bankrupt if they make large losses, like other traders would, and there is no convincing evidence that they do make a profit trading.This has made the forex trading more believable and economic and strong as well.
The mere expectation or rumor of central bank intervention might be enough to stabilize a currency, but aggressive intervention might be used several times each year in countries with a dirty float currency regime. Central banks do not always achieve their objectives. The combined resources of the market can easily overwhelm any central bank.
About 70% to 90%of the foreign exchange transactions are speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency. Hedge funds have gained a reputation for aggressive currency speculation since 1996. They control billions of dollars of equity and may borrow billions more, and thus may overwhelm intervention by central banks to support almost any currency, if the economic fundamentals are in the hedge funds' favor.
Investment management firms (who typically manage large accounts on behalf of customers such as pension funds and endowments) use the foreign exchange market to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. For example, an investment manager bearing an international equity portfolio needs to purchase and sell several pairs of foreign currencies to pay for foreign securities purchases.
Some investment management firms also have more speculative specialist currency overlay operations, which manage clients' currency exposures with the aim of generating profits as well as limiting risk. Whilst the number of this type of specialist firms is quite small, many have a large value of assets under management (AUM), and hence can generate large trades.
The mere expectation or rumor of central bank intervention might be enough to stabilize a currency, but aggressive intervention might be used several times each year in countries with a dirty float currency regime. Central banks do not always achieve their objectives. The combined resources of the market can easily overwhelm any central bank.
About 70% to 90%of the foreign exchange transactions are speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency. Hedge funds have gained a reputation for aggressive currency speculation since 1996. They control billions of dollars of equity and may borrow billions more, and thus may overwhelm intervention by central banks to support almost any currency, if the economic fundamentals are in the hedge funds' favor.
Investment management firms (who typically manage large accounts on behalf of customers such as pension funds and endowments) use the foreign exchange market to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. For example, an investment manager bearing an international equity portfolio needs to purchase and sell several pairs of foreign currencies to pay for foreign securities purchases.
Some investment management firms also have more speculative specialist currency overlay operations, which manage clients' currency exposures with the aim of generating profits as well as limiting risk. Whilst the number of this type of specialist firms is quite small, many have a large value of assets under management (AUM), and hence can generate large trades.
BUSINESS COMPANIES IN FOREX
For any part of the business the companies plays the very important role in any development works.And the business sector too aid a alot in the field of forex.As the forex in the present world has been the major part,at the same time the business companies the vital role in the upliftment of the forex.An important part of this market comes from the financial activities of companies seeking foreign exchange to pay for goods or services. Commercial companies often trade fairly small amounts compared to those of banks or speculators, and their trades often have little short term impact on market rates. Nevertheless, trade flows are an important factor in the long-term direction of a currency's exchange rate. Some multinational companies can have an unpredictable impact when very large positions are covered due to exposures that are not widely known by other market participants.These commecial companies has thus in this way has assist in the foreign exchange and the large group had been benifited by this act.
BANKS IN FOREX TRADING
Their is the great facilty in the banking system in the forex.The interbank market caters for both the majority of commercial turnover and large amounts of speculative trading every day. A large bank may trade billions of dollars daily. Some of this trading is undertaken on behalf of customers, but much is conducted by proprietary desks, trading for the bank's own account. Until recently, foreign exchange brokers did large amounts of business, facilitating interbank trading and matching anonymous counterparts for small fees. Today, however, much of this business has moved on to more efficient electronic systems. The broker squawk box lets traders listen in on ongoing interbank trading and is heard in most trading rooms, but turnover is noticeably smaller than just a few years ago.In this the broker had been the major problem but the forex easily solves it with out any problem.So the banking with the help of the forex had benifited to a lot of the people
MARKET PARTICIPANTS IN FOREX
This has been the great benifit to all the people as the forex had divided the markets in the level of access.Unlike a stock market, where all participants have access to the same prices, the foreign exchange market is divided into levels of access. At the top is the inter-bank market, which is made up of the largest investment banking firms. Within the inter-bank market, spreads, which are the difference between the bid and ask prices, are razor sharp and usually unavailable, and not known to players outside the inner circle.
The difference between the bid and ask prices widens (from 0-1 pip to 1-2 pips for some currencies such as the EURO). This is due to volume. If a trader can guarantee large numbers of transactions for large amounts, they can demand a smaller difference between the bid and ask price, which is referred to as a better spread. The levels of access that make up the foreign exchange market are determined by the size of the "line" (the amount of money with which they are trading).
And it has helped alot of the people in their business. not only this it has also made people for the easy in the carrying on their business.The top-tier inter-bank market accounts for 53% of all transactions. After that there are usually smaller investment banks, followed by large multi-national corporations (which need to hedge risk and pay employees in different countries), large hedge funds, and even some of the retail FX-metal market makers. According to Galati and Melvin, “Pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, and other institutional investors have played an increasingly important role in financial markets in general, and in FX markets in particular, since the early 2000s.” (2004) In addition, he notes, “Hedge funds have grown markedly over the 2001–2004 period in terms of both number and overall size” Central banks also participate in the foreign exchange market to align currencies to their economic needs.
TRADING CHARACTERISTICS
| Rank | Currency | % daily share (April 2007) |
|---|---|---|
| 3 |  Japanese yen | 17.0% |
| 4 |  Pound sterling | 15.0% |
| 5 |  Swiss franc | 6.8% |
| 6 |  Australian dollar | 6.7% |
| 7 |  Canadian dollar | 4.2% |
| 8-9 |  Swedish krona | 2.8% |
| 8-9 |  Hong Kong dollar | 2.8% |
| 10 |  Norwegian krone | 2.2% |
| 11 |  New Zealand dollar | 1.9% |
| 12 |  Mexican peso | 1.3% |
| 13 |  Singapore dollar | 1.2% |
| 14 |  South Korean won | 1.1% |
| Other | 14.5% | |
| Total | 20 | |
There is no unified or centrally cleared market for the majority of FX trades, and there is very little cross-border regulation. Due to the over-the-counter (OTC) nature of currency markets, there are rather a number of interconnected marketplaces, where different currencies instruments are traded. This implies that there is not a single exchange rate but rather a number of different rates (prices), depending on what bank or market maker is trading, and where it is. In practice the rates are often very close, otherwise they could be exploited by arbitrageurs instantaneously. Due to London's dominance in the market, a particular currency's quoted price is usually the London market price. A joint venture of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and Reuters, called Fxmarketspace opened in 2007 and aspired but failed to the role of a central market clearing mechanism.
The main trading center is London, but New York, Tokyo, Hong Kong and Singapore are all important centers as well. Banks throughout the world participate. Currency trading happens continuously throughout the day; as the Asian trading session ends, the European session begins, followed by the North American session and then back to the Asian session, excluding weekends.
Fluctuations in exchange rates are usually caused by actual monetary flows as well as by expectations of changes in monetary flows caused by changes in gross domestic product (GDP) growth, inflation (purchasing power parity theory), interest rates (interest rate parity, Domestic Fisher effect, International Fisher effect), budget and trade deficits or surpluses, large cross-border M&A deals and other macroeconomic conditions. Major news is released publicly, often on scheduled dates, so many people have access to the same news at the same time. However, the large banks have an important advantage; they can see their customers' order flow.
Currencies are traded against one another. Each pair of currencies thus constitutes an individual product and is traditionally noted XXX/YYY, where YYY is the ISO 4217 international three-letter code of the currency into which the price of one unit of XXX is expressed (called base currency). For instance, EUR/USD is the price of the euro expressed in US dollars, as in 1 euro = 1.5465 dollar. Out of convention, the first currency in the pair, the base currency, was the stronger currency at the creation of the pair. The second currency, counter currency, was the weaker currency at the creation of the pair.
The factors affecting XXX will affect both XXX/YYY and XXX/ZZZ. This causes positive currency correlation between XXX/YYY and XXX/ZZZ.
On the spot market, according to the BIS study, the most heavily traded products were:
-
- EUR/USD: 27%
- USD/JPY: 13%
- GBP/USD (also called sterling or cable): 12%
and the US currency was involved in 86.3% of transactions, followed by the euro (37.0%), the yen (17.0%), and sterling (15.0%) (see table). Note that volume percentages should add up to 200%: 100% for all the sellers and 100% for all the buyers.
Trading in the euro has grown considerably since the currency's creation in January 1999, and how long the foreign exchange market will remain dollar-centered is open to debate. Until recently, trading the euro versus a non-European currency ZZZ would have usually involved two trades: EUR/USD and USD/ZZZ. The exception to this is EUR/JPY, which is an established traded currency pair in the interbank spot market. As the dollar's value has eroded during 2008, interest in using the euro as reference currency for prices in commodities (such as oil), as well as a larger component of foreign reserves by banks, has increased dramatically. Transactions in the currencies of commodity-producing countries, such as AUD, NZD, CAD, have also increased.
Determinants of FX Rates
The following theories explain the fluctuations in FX rates in a floating exchange rate regime (In a fixed exchange rate regime, FX rates are decided by its government):
(a) International parity conditions viz:
purchasing power parity, interest rate parity, Domestic Fisher effect, International Fisher effect. Though to some extent the above theories provide logical explanation for the fluctuations in exchange rates, yet these theories falter as they are based on challenge able assumptions [e.g., free flow of goods, services and capital] which seldom hold true in the real world.
(b) Balance of payments model:
This model, however, focuses largely on trad able goods and services, ignoring the increasing role of global capital flows. It failed to provide any explanation for continuous appreciation of dollar during 1980s and most part of 1990s in face of soaring US current account deficit.
(c) Asset market model:
views currencies as an important asset class for constructing investment portfolios. Assets prices are influenced mostly by people’s willingness to hold the existing quantities of assets, which in turn depends on their expectations on the future worth of these assets. The asset market model of exchange rate determination states that “the exchange rate between two currencies represents the price that just balances the relative supplies of, and demand for, assets denominated in those currencies.”
None of the models developed so far succeed to explain FX rates levels and volatility in the longer time frames. For shorter time frames (less than a few days) algorithm can be devised to predict prices. Large and small institutions and professional individual traders have made consistent profits from it. It is understood from above models that many macroeconomic factors affect the exchange rates and in the end currency prices are a result of dual forces of demand and supply. The world's currency markets can be viewed as a huge melting pot: in a large and ever-changing mix of current events, supply and demand factors are constantly shifting, and the price of one currency in relation to another shifts accordingly. No other market encompasses (and distills) as much of what is going on in the world at any given time as foreign exchange.
Supply and demand for any given currency, and thus its value, are not influenced by any single element, but rather by several. These elements generally fall into three categories: economic factors, political conditions and market psychology.
FOREX-MARKET SIZE AND LIQUIDITY
At the present time, the foreign exchange market is one of the largest and most liquid financial markets in the world. Traders include large banks, central banks, currency speculators, corporations, governments, and other financial institutions. The average daily volume in the global foreign exchange and related markets is continuously growing. Daily turnover was reported to be over US$3.2 trillion in April 2007 by the Bank for International Settlements. Since then, the market has continued to grow. According to Euromoney's annual FX Poll, volumes grew a further 41% between 2007 and 2008.
Of the $3.98 trillion daily global turnover, trading in London accounted for around $1.36 trillion, or 34.1% of the total, making London by far the global center for foreign exchange. In second and third places respectively, trading in New York accounted for 16.6%, and Tokyo accounted for 6.0%. In addition to "traditional" turnover, $2.1 trillion was traded in derivatives.Exchange-traded FX futures contracts were introduced in 1972 at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and are actively traded relative to most other futures contracts.
Several other developed countries also permit the trading of FX derivative products (like currency futures and options on currency futures) on their exchanges. All these developed countries already have fully convertible capital accounts. Most emerging countries do not permit FX derivative products on their exchanges in view of prevalent controls on the capital accounts. However, a few select emerging countries (e.g., Korea, South Africa, India) have already successfully experimented with the currency futures exchanges, despite having some controls on the capital account.
FX futures volume has grown rapidly in recent years, and accounts for about 7% of the total foreign exchange market volume, according to The Wall Street Journal Europe.
| Rank | Name | Volume |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Deutsche Bank | 21.70% |
| 2 | UBS AG | 15.80% |
| 3 | Barclays Capital | 9.12% |
| 4 |  Citi | 7.49% |
| 5 | Royal Bank of Scotland | 7.30% |
| 6 | JPMorgan | 4.19% |
| 7 | HSBC | 4.10% |
| 8 | Lehman Brothers | 3.58% |
| 9 | Goldman Sachs | 3.47% |
| 10 | Morgan Stanley | 2.86% |
Foreign exchange trading increased by 38% between April 2005 and April 2006 and has more than doubled since 2001. This is largely due to the growing importance of foreign exchange as an asset class and an increase in fund management assets, particularly of hedge funds and pension funds. The diverse selection of execution venues have made it easier for retail traders to trade in the foreign exchange market. In 2006, retail traders constituted over 2% of the whole FX market volumes with an average daily trade volume of over US$50-60 billion. Because foreign exchange is an OTC market where brokers/dealers negotiate directly with one another, there is no central exchange or clearing house. The biggest geographic trading centre is the UK, primarily London, which according to IFS L estimates has increased its share of global turnover in traditional transactions from 31.3% in April 2004 to 34.1% in April 2007. The ten most active traders account for almost 80% of trading volume, according to the 2008 Euromoney FX survey.These large international banks continually provide the market with both bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices. The bid/ask spread is the difference between the price at which a bank or market maker will sell ("ask", or "offer") and the price at which a market-maker will buy ("bid") from a wholesale customer. This spread is minimal for actively traded pairs of currencies, usually 0–3 pips. For example, the bid/ask quote of EUR/USD might be 1.2200/1.2203 on a retail broker. Minimum trading size for most deals is usually 100,000 units of base currency, which is a standard "lot".
These spreads might not apply to retail customers at banks, which will routinely mark up the difference to say 1.2100/1.2300 for transfers, or say 1.2000/1.2400 for banknotes or travelers' checks. Spot prices at market makers vary, but on EUR/USD are usually no more than 3 pips wide (i.e., 0.0003). Competition is greatly increased with larger transactions, and pip spreads shrink on the major pairs to as little as 1 to 2 pips.
FOREX EXCHANGE MARKET
foreign exchange market (currency, forex, or FX) :
It is the trades currencies which let the banks and other institutions easily buy and sell currencies. The purpose of the foreign exchange market is to help international trade and investment. A foreign exchange market helps businesses convert one currency to another. For example, it permits a U.S. business to import European goods and pay Euros, even though the business's income is in U.S. dollars.
In a typical foreign exchange transaction a party purchases a quantity of one currency by paying a quantity of another currency. The modern foreign exchange market started forming during the 1970s when countries gradually switched to floating exchange rates from the previous exchange rate regime, which remained fixed as per the Bretton Woods system.
The foreign exchange market is unique because of
-
- its trading volumes,
- the extreme liquidity of the market,
- its geographical dispersion,
- its long trading hours: 24 hours a day except on weekends (from 22:00 UTC on Sunday until 22:00 UTC Friday),
- the variety of factors that affect exchange rates.
- the low margins of profit compared with other markets of fixed income (but profits can be high due to very large trading volumes)
- the use of leverage
As such, it has been referred to as the market closest to the ideal perfect competition, notwithstanding market manipulation by central banks. According to the Bank for International Settlements,[2] average daily turnover in global foreign exchange markets is estimated at $3.98 trillion. Trading in the world's main financial markets accounted for $3.21 trillion of this. This approximately $3.21 trillion in main foreign exchange market turnover was broken down as follows:
-
- $1.005 trillion in spot transactions
- $362 billion in outright forwards
- $1.714 trillion in foreign exchange swaps
- $129 billion estimated gaps in reporting
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